Xeno – transplantation research got a boost with the Vatican issuing a position paper in October this year encouraging research into xeno-transplantation but with caution as the watch word. Issues of ethics and high costs of xeno -transplantation research were tackled in consultations with surgeons, transplant experts, immunologists, geneticists, veterinarians, and experts on anthropology, morality and ethics. The Vatican said “In the face of such doubts, it is opportune to recall that, even while taking into consideration the necessary cost-benefits equation the huge use of health resources in this case is justified by the urgent necessary cost-benefits equation the huge use of health resources in this case is justified by the urgent necessity to try to save lives of so many patients who otherwise would not have any chance of survival”. Pope John Paul II in an address to the participants of the XVII international Transplant Congress of the Transplantation Society in Rome 2000 had supported xeno-transplantation as “An alternative solution to the problem of finding organs for transplantation”. He also recalled the response of Pope Pius XII way back in 1956 with regard to this where in principal, he stated, “for a xeno-transplant to be licit, the transplanted organ must not impair the integrity of the psychological or genetic identity of the person receiving it, and there must also be a proven biological possibility that the transplant will be successful and will not expose the recipient to inordinate risk”.